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Bibliography of
Spelling & Reform
Simpl Speling Payj #2
Developed by Steve Bett, Ph.D.Back to the Simple Spelling Link Page 2
A Short Reading List
on Spelling Reform
and related topics
Valerie Rule's Bibliography - Digitized & Supplemented by Steve Bett
Go to a more extensive bibliography
Bob Brown's bibliography
Red=highly recommended
Abercrombie, David. 1949. What is a Letter. Lingua 2: 54-62
Abercrombie, David. 1967. Elements of General Phonetics. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Albright, R. W. 1958. The International Phonetic Alphabet: Its Background and Development. Bloomington, Indiana University Press.
Albrow, K. H. 1972. The English Writing System: Notes towards a Description. London: Longmans.
Asher & Henderson. 1981. Toward a History of Phonetics. Edinburgh: University Press. Includes an article by phonetician, David Abercrombie, former VP of the Simplified Spelling Society, titled Some Orthographic Experiments of the Last Four Centuries. In this he unearths a wide range of historical new alphabet and diacritical schemes. There is also an interesting paper on Isaac Pitman's mid 19c. work on new alphabets and ITA augmented alphabet schemesby J. Kelley titled, The 1847 Alphabet: An episode of phonotypy.
Baron, Naomi. 1981. Speech, Writing, and the Sign. Bloomington: Indiana Univeristy Press
Berry, Jack. 1958. The Making of Alphabets. in Proceedings, Oslo. 1977.
The Making of Alphbaets Revisited. in A. Fishman (ed.) Advances in the Creation and Revision of Writing Systems.Bett, Steve T. 1998. New Follick: An Alphabet for English. PV no. 7. Simplified Spelling Society. Developed as a resource for amateur orthographers and alfabeteers. Includes a grapheme-phoneme correspondece chart comparing 10 different reform orthographies. Reviews the goals of reform and the features that make a particular orthography popular and practical. New Follick, GP Chart for NF,
Bett, Steve T. 1998. The Trouble with Spelling. unpublished
Bradshaw, John. 1975. Are we reading right? New Scientist 6 Feb :321-323.
Bryant , Peter & Lynette Bradley. 1985. Children’s reading problems: psychology and Education. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Bullokar, William. 1580. Bullokar’s Booke at Large, for the Amendment of Orthographie for English Speech. London: Henrie Denham. This is just to show you that the idea of English spelling reform goes back a long long way.
Burgess, Anthony. 1992. A Mouthful of Air. Language, Languages .. Especially English. New York: Wm. Murrow. A highly readable survey of language, how it operates, and how it got to be that way.
Butler, E.H. 1951. The story of British Shorthand, Pitman, London
Chall, Jeanne, V A Jacobs & L E Baldwin. 1990. The reading crisis: why poor children fall behind. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Chao, Y R. 1968. Language and symbolic systems. London: Cambridge University Press. A classic book about writing systems of the world.
Chomsky, Carol. 1970. Reading, writing and phonology. Harvard Educational Review, 40.:287-309. States the classic Chomsky case for English spelling being ‘the best possible’ or optimal for English, but in so doing, shows its weakness. The evidence for it does not hold up.
Chou En-lai, WU Yu-chang & Li Chih-hsi. 1958. Reform of the Chinese Written Language. Beijing, China: Foreign Language Press. One of the first concerns of the Chinese revolution was to improve Chinese characters and introduce alphabetic pinyin for learning to read.
Coulmas, F. and Ehlich, K. (eds) 1983 Writing in Focus. Mouton. Otto, L. Writing systems and written language. 31-43
Coulmas, Florian. 1989. The Writing Systems of the World. Oxford: Basic Blackwell. Topics include: From Icon to Symbol, Units of Speech & Writing, Sacred Characters, Chinese, Semitic, The Alphabet, Letter to Sound, Creating Alphabets, Writing Reform.
Coulmas, Florian. 1996. Encyclopedia of Writing Systems. Oxford: Basic Blackwell.
Crystal, David. 1987. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge University Press, pp 177-217, especially p 214-17. Everything you want to know about language - except that spelling reform is presumed to be only ‘spelling as you speak’ and therefore impracticable.
Crystal, David. 1995. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge University Press. English Spelling is discussed on p 272f. G.N. Trenité's The Chaos is found on p 273. Spelling reform, with sidebars on the American Literacy Council and the Simplified Spelling Society is found on p 276f.
Dewey, Godfrey. 1971. English spelling: Roadblock to reading. NY: Teachers College Press.
Dewey, Godfrey. 1970. Relative Frequency of English Spelling. NY: Teachers College Press.
Downing, John. 1967. Evaluating the Initial Teaching Alphabet. London: Cassell.
Downing, John & Leong, C-K. 1982. The psychology of reading. NY: Macmillan Publishing Co.
Eco, Umberto. 1995. The Search for the Perfect Language. London, Blackwell
Fishman, Joshua A. (ed.) 1977. Advances in the Creation and Revision of Writing Systems. The Hague: Mouton
Freire, Paulo. 1972. Pedagogy of the oppressed. Harmondsworth: Penguin
Gaur, Albertine. 1987. A history of writing. London: British Library
Gogate, Mandukar. 1988. Roman Lipi Parashad Conference Proceedings. Bombay. Gogate’s movement to use the roman alphabet as a common alternative script for the many different Indian languages is relevant to English spelling reform - because in spite of unremitting effort, Indians have rejected this eminently practical idea, in part because all they know of an alphabetic script is English spelling - which is worse than anything they have already. Gogate is an engineer and the author of Globish (Global English), a proposal to simplify the spelling of English. Globish is a distinct dialect of English based on a reduced phoneme set with a basic 2000 word vocabulary.
Gray, William. 1956. The teaching of reading and writing. an international survey. Paris: UNESCO. We have not got much further than this in cross-cultural comparisons of the effectiveness of differnt writng systems. Compares different methods of teaching reading, spelling, and handwriting. Illustrated.
Grimes, J. E. & Gordon, R. G. 1980. The design of new orthographies. In J. F. Kavanagh & R. L. Venezky (Eds.) Orthography, reading and dyslexia. op. cit. Most of the writing systems for the languages of the world have been designed within the last 150 years, and most of them use the roman alphabet.
Hass, Werner. 1969. Alphabets for English. Manchester University Press.
Hass, W. 1970. Phono-Graphic Translation. Manchester University Press.
Hass, W. 1982. Standard Languages Spoken and Written. Manchester University Press. Barnes & Noble.
Ives, Kenneth. 1979. Written Dialects & Spelling Reform. Progresiv Publishers, Chicago
Jensen, Hans. 1969. Sign, Symbol, and Script. New York: Putnam (Geschichte der Schrift, 1925)
Johnson, Samuel. 1755 . Preface to A Dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals. London: Knapton.
Jones, Daniel. 1950. The Pronunciation of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Kolers, Paul A. (ed.) Processing of Visible Language, vo. 2. New York: Plenum Press, 76-24
Kramsky, Jiri. 1969. The Word as a Linguistic Unit. Hague: Mouton, No. 25.
Laubach, Frank C. 1996. Let's Reform Spelling -- Why and How. New Readers Press. New York.
Lindgren, Harry. 1969. Spelling Reform: A New Approach. Alpha.
SR1 (Spelling Reform Stage 1) and Phonetic A explained.Longman; Hitch & Hawes; Millar; & Dodsley.
Kipling , Rudyard. 19--. How the alphabet Was Made. Just-so Stories.Longman. 1996. Longman Dictionary of American English. Edinburgh: Addison Wesley-Longman
McCrum, Robert (et al.) 1996. The Story of English. Text version of the BBC TV Series.
McGuinness, Diane. 1997. Why Our Children Cant Read... New York: Free Press
Martin, J. H. & Friedberg, A. 1986, Writing to Read. NY, Warner Books
Millard, A.R. 1976. The Canaanite Linear Alphabaet and itss Passage to the Greeks. Kadmos 15, 130-144.
Moseley, D & Nicol, C. c 1985. Aurally coded English spelling dictionary. Wisbeck, Cambridge UK: Learning Development Aids.
Nyikos, Julius. 1988. A Linguistic Perspective of Illiteracy. in Sheila Empleton (ed.) The Fourteenth LACUS Forum 1987. Lake Bluff, IL: Linguistic Association of Canada and the U.S., 146-73.
Olson, David R. 1977 From Utternace to Text: The Bias of Language in Speech and Writing. HER, 47/3, 257-281. 1994. The World on Paper. London: Cambridge University Press.
Pitman, Sir James and St.John, John. 1969. Alphabets and Reading. London: Pitman. I would recommend this book as the best introduction to the history and nature of English spelling, and why it needs reform.
Read, C, 1986. Children's creative spelling. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. This is only part of the wealth of evidence that young children ‘naturally ‘ spell concisely and economically. e.g. ‘Th plan mad a fosd ladig at th epot’
Riemer, John A. 1969. How they Murder the Second R. New York: Worth. Children taught ITA become avid readers and creative writers. In the traditional classroom, the child learns to spell 168 words in the first year. The dull rote learning drills tend to discourage if not destroy the child's curiosity and creativity.
Sampson, G. 1985. Writing systems. London: Hutchinson.
Scragg, D. G. 1974, A history of English spelling. Manchester University Press. A definitive history.
Shankweiler, D. & Liberman, I. (Eds.) 1989. Phonology and reading disability: solving the reading puzzle. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Skeat, Walter W. 1892. Principles of English Etymology . Oxford: Clarendon Press. The most eminent scholar on the origins of words in English spelling was a foremost leader of the spelling reform movement.
Smalley, W.A. (ed.) 1964. Orthography studies: articles onnew writing systems, United Bibe Society, London.
Smith, Philip. 1980. In defence of conservatism in English orthography. In Visible Language. XIV 2 pp 122-36.
Smalley, William A. (Ed.) 1964. Orthography studies: articles on new writing systems. Vol. VI. London: United Bible Societies. Most languages in the world have only had writing systems in the past 150 years. How have they been designed? Defining the dimensions for evaluating writing systems. Emphasizes the importance of status, prestige, and peer pressure in the adoption process.
Tauber, A. 19??. A history of spelling reform. Publisher? (I have not been able to find this book, and would be interested to know about it.)
Tauber, A. 1963. Shaw on Language a collection of articles by Geo. B. Shaw on spelling and other language issues. NY: Philosophical Library (1963), London: Peter Owen Ltd (1965)
Tarnapol, L. & Tarnapol, M. 1981. Comparative reading and learning difficulties. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Taylor, I. & Taylor, M. 1983. The psychology of reading. NY: Academic Press.
Thomas, Calvin et al. Report of the Joint Committee representing the NEA, APA, and ALA. 1904. A Phonetic English Alphabet. NY: Publisher's Printing Co. Compares various dictionary pronunciation notations including 4 by Webster 1828, 1829, 1841, & 1890. 22 vowels without R-combinations. Tries to separate *vary [e^] from *bare [a^]
Toffler, A. 1970. Future shock. London: The Bodley Head. To put the reader in a frame of mind to welcome spelling improvement.
Trench, Richard Chevenix. 1856. Changes in the spelling of English words. English, past and present. London: Parker & Son. This eminent cleric opposed spelling reform because he had a mystic belief in the living English spelling.
Trenití, G. N. The Chaos. A version of this long set of verses full of dreadful English spellings appears in the Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society 1989, Summer, 17-21, with a Cut Spelling version by Chris Upward. The poem is reprinted in Crystal's The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, p 273.
Twain, Mark (Samuel Clemens). 1900. Essays and Speeches. Cadmus tries to convince egyptians to simplify hieroglyphics.
Upward, C. , Fletcher, P., Hutchins, J. & Jolly, C. 1990. A handbook to Cut spelling. Aston, UK. Simplified Spelling Society.
Upward, Christopher. (2nd Rev. ed.) 1996. Cut Spelling: Simplification of written English by the omission of redundant letters. Simplified Spelling Society.
Upward, Christopher. German Spelling
Veblen, Thorstein. 1899. Theory of the leisure class. Republished 1925 by Allen & Unwin, London. Among other things, Veblen puts forward the waste in English spelling as an example of Conspicuous Consumption.
Venezky, Richard L. 1970. The Structure of English Orthography. The Hague: Mouton
Vernon, M. D. 1971. Reading and its difficulties. London: Cambridge University. Vernon concluded that the basic cause of reading difficulty was confusion.
Yule, V. 1986a. The design of spelling to match needs and abilities, Harvard Educational Review, 56: 278-297. Perhaps the best accessible account of how spelling reform could take account of the needs and abilities of the users of English spelling.
Yule, V. 1991. Orthography and reading: spelling and society. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Copy held by Simplified Spelling Society. Copies also available from the publishers of Dissertation Abstracts.
Valerie Yule. 1994. Problems of research in the design of English spelling. Visible Language 28.1. pp 26-47.
Webster, Noah 1789. Dissertation on the English Language.
Wijk, Axel. 1977. Regularized English: A Proposal for an Effective Solution. Stockholm: Almquist
Wilde, Sandra. 1997. What's a Schwa Sound Anyway? A holistic guide to phonetics... Heinemann.
Zachrisson, R. E. 1970. Anglic: An International Language. College Pk. Md. McGrath.
Reference Works
- BBC Pronunciation Guide
- Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language
- Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language
- Fergusson, Rosalind. 1985. Penguin Ryming Dictionary
- Jones, Daniel. Pronunciation of English
- Longman's Pronunciation Dictionary
- Longman's Dictionary of American English
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last revised: April,
1999
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