Perhaps the greatest practical problem in dealing with spelling is that people do not have a familiar and generally accepted way of tackling the phonetic side of correspondences.  [Carney, 94]. 
 

Each vowel letter is associated with a short, unstressed, and  long sound ltr Alternatives A  ask, ago, aah, are,  E  el, the, her, vein, they I  it, eel, aisle, eye O  [aah], pot, awe, owe U  up, hook, hoop, use The a in ago is the default unstressed mid lax vowel vowel. [gray]  The vowels in Red words are short or checked, Blue words are free or long. Green words are diphthongs.

Native speakers are vaguely aware of the phonemes in their language.  In many languages, the writing system is over 90% phonemic.  Thus, they are not forced to deal with phonemes as distinct from letters, or spelling as distinct from spelling a pronunciation.  Carney noted that in English, there is no way in English of dealing with phonemes as distinct from letters.

Before we can talk about old time spelling and pronunciation, we need to have an agreed on set of conventions for describing speech. 

Gimson's Pronunciation of English [Cruttenden, 1994] distinguishes the following vowels.   6 short vowels, 5 long vowels,  6 combinations, 8 r- combinations.

The table is simplified to have 6 per group. bait and boat should be considered as pure vowels. byuuty is a consonant plus a vowel.  Some will object to calling it a diphthong.  [yu] however, is very close to [i:u] which is the combination of two vowel sounds. Rye's list
 

6 short, tense	6 long, free, lax	6diphthongs	r-combinations
bat   [baet, batt]  /bat/ bet   better bit    bitter box  otter put book [pwt bwk]  /pUt/ but   [butt]  /bLt/	balm     [baam] burn     [b3n] beet      [biet] bought  [baot] booty   [buuty] sofa, ago  [bogas]	bait   [beit] bite   [bait] boat  [bout] /bout/ beauty [byuuty] /bju:ti/ boil   [boil] bout, bough, bow /bau/	barber  [baarbR] bear     [ber]  /be@/ beer     [bir]   /bi@/ bore    [bor]   /bo@/ tour     [tur]    /tu@/ tower  [taur]  /tau@/
bat bet bit box  [bqx/bQx] bvk bxt	bqm bRrn bEt bot  bQt buty sofc cgO bOgcs	bAt bIt bOt bUty boil baut	bqrbR ber bir bor tur taur

Hi bQt a costly bqx av c&ndy
ambiography, ambination, 
R = 3 or 3r
Dc sRfcr sxfcrd a shqrk atack
 

ipa chart consonants
ipa chart - tense/lax
ipa chart
mongrel
The group of short vowels are sometimes called checked vowels because of thier distribution.  They do not occur in final open syllables.  This is an important feature of the English language which makes vowel sounds in  it at up ot quite different from ti ta pu and  to.  Descriptive terms such as checked /free and lax/ tense are generally preferred by linguists to terms such as short and long in English.  English used to have short and long vowels but the terms are no longer reliable descriptions of the qualities of present day english vowels. 
 
 

This simplified version of the Jones quadralateral includes the commonly used IPA symbols.  The asci equivalents are shown in very small letters in the corder of the cells.  Counting the three diphthongs ai au and oi there were 17 vowels.  Remove the r/schwa combinations in the third row below and you have the 17 ascii equivalents. Jones played down one of the schwa combinations because they are not distinct in non-rhotic speechn- [aa'= aa],  Triphthongs such as air and our were also dropped from the list of 21.

 

ltr U2 Alternatives A   ask, cgO, q, qr E   el, Dc, hcr, vAn, thA I   it, El, Il, I O   pqt, ol, Old U   xp, hvk, hup, yus

I believe we should start with the phonemes for English speech that linguist first isolated in the 19th Century.  This chart shows 24 vowels, Jones and Wijk used only 21 since they did not include triphthongs or aar in their minnimum list of phonograms.  Any new writing system can be mapped to this chart of phonograms.  This will clearly show what phonemes have been merged.

This is the orhographic puzzle.  Each cells represents a particular sound category or phoneme of English.   A 100% phonemic system has to have a symbol for each sound.  The challenge is to assign letters in a way that optimizes eye rhymes with the traditional overlapping assignments. It can only be done about half the time. 

 

Consonant Regularities in the Traditional Writing System

[Corrections welcumd; this is aul off the top of my hed. Its a start.]
23 Consonants - Frequency in the Truespel dictionary
      sound     - spelling   - %
1      b (baby)      b     100
2      ch (church)   ch     66
3      d (dad)       d     100
4      f (fluffy)    f      87  ff pf gh fe
5      g (gag)       g      98
6      h (ho hum)    h      99
7      j (joy)       g      70
8      k (kiss)      c      62
9      l (lilt)      l     100
10     m (mom)       m     100
11     n (nanny)     n     100
12     p (pop)       p     100
13     r (roar)      r     100
14     s (sits)      s      87
15     sh (shush)    ti     47
16     t (tilt)      t      98
17     th (that)     th    100
18     thh (thin)    th    100
19     v  (valve)    v     100
20     w (win)       w      58
21     y (yes)       none   90
22     z  (zero)     s      85
23     zh (beige)    s      75
 

Rye/Kirshenbaum Spel /f@unetik &lf'bet/ & ae a: a@ b p r  'r E ei E@ d t l  'l I i: ir D ð T q m  'm A O: o@ g k n  'n U u: u@ v f N V @ V": j ch h ai @u ai@ z s w au OI au@ zh sh y  yu Poolz sist'm iz olmoust aidentic'l tu Sp&nglish Polz sistem iz olmoast aidentical tu Spanglish.

 
 

Pawl Duer's Interglish a ah ahr b p r  er e a; a:r d t l i e; ir th tz m o aw or g k n oo ou tour v f ng u aa er j ch h i; O i;r z s w ow oi aur zh sh y  u; Uo is amgibuous: ah or aw Interglish looks a little like digraphic verions of U2. U2's  AEIOU = a; e; i; o; u; in Interglish

 

Hi Steve, 
                 Here are my vowel phonograms: 
                 Key 
                 Seven short vowels: 
                 at ----         @t /special letter for that sound/ 
                 up               ap /short /a/sound 
                 el                el 
                 it                 it 
                 od,dod       od,dog 
                 hook           huk 
                 ago             `gou /special letter for schwa sound, inverted or accented e/ 
                 Long vowels: 
                 1. Same as short only with longer pronunciation 
                 are             a/accented or double /aa/ 
                 eel              i /accented or double /ii/ 
                 or, orb        o /accented or double /oo/ 
                 ooze           u /accented or double /uu/ 
                 herd            h '' rd / lond schwa sound - accented inverted letter /e/, if we accept existence of the long schwa sound. 
                 1. As  the name of the letter 
                 ace             eys 
                 ice              ays 
                 bone           boun 
                 use              yuz 
                 Diphthongs: 
                 out               aut 
                 oil                 oil 
                 aisle              ail 
                 soul               soul 
                 house            haus 
                 Glides: 
                 they              ey 
                 aye               ay 
                 boy               boy 
                 snow             snow 
                 cow              kaw 
                 What do you think about these solutions Steve? 
                 Paul 
 

U2  Unifon III  /UnifOn alfcbet/ a q qr b p r  cr e A er d t l  cl i E ir x D T m  cm q o o: Q or g k n  cn v X U: ur v f ng u c' c R cr j C h I O Ir z s w au oi aur Z S y  Y U2 is a lowercase version of U1.  The o is the british o with some ambiguity I bQt a box [bqx] av biskcts frcm mI inlQz luk for Dc -Union lAbcl Ther iz nxthiN lIk c dAm

traditional            aksess notation                                       spanglish

a,A     apple (apul), tag (tag), sad (sad), man (man)    ae,AE   ape (aep), pail (pael), pane (paen), straight (straet)    air,AIR hair (hair), marry (mairee), terrible (tairubul)     arr -= err=eir ar,AR   arch (arch), cart (kart), afar (ufar), heart (hart) aw,AW   awl (awl), law (law), stall (stawl), sauna (sawnu) b,B     boy (boy), tub (tub), rubber (ruber), ball (bawl) ch,CH   church (cherch), patch (pach), child (chield) d,D     dog (dog), pad (pad), muddle (mudul), did (did) e,E     elk (elk), let (let), health (helth), friend (frend) ee,EE   feet (feet), eat (eet), evil (eevil), wield (weeld) ear,EAR ear (ear), fear (fear), here (hear), cheer (chear) er,ER   hurt (hert), stir (ster), her (her), early (erlee) f,F     fly (flie), puff (puf), before (beefor), phone (foen) g,G     grass (gras), rug (rug), ragged (raged), ghost (goest) h,H     hand (hand), why (hwie), hammer (hamer), hitch (hich) i,I     wind (wind), sit (sit), hysteria (histaireeu) ie,IE   bind (biend), my (mie), light (liet), kite (kiet) j,J     jump (jump), fudge (fuj), joy (joy), gem (jem) k,K     cat (kat), luck (luk), choir (kwie.er)*, folk (foek) l,L     call (kawl), lick (lik), pillow (piloe), lamp (lamp) m,M     mom (mom), tummy (tumee), mouse (mows), jam (jam) n,N     need (need), pin (pin), finish (finish), fan (fan) ng      tank (tangk), English (Ingglish)**, wing (wing) o,O     pot (pot), otter (oter), not (not), scoff (skof) oe,OE   robe (roeb), flow (floe), sew (soe), though (dhoe) oo,OO   June (Joon), ooze (ooz), plume (ploom), two (2) or,OR   for (for), order (order), roar (ror), four (4) ow,OW   cow (cow), fowl (fowl), ouch (owch), chow (chow) oy,OY   toy (toy), boil (boyl), oyster (oyster), oil (oyl) p,P     puppy (pupee), prim (prim), bump (bump), lap (lap) r,R     rock (rok), reap (reep), brow (brow), growl (growl) s,S     city (sitee), sit (sit), persists (persists) sh,SH   she (shee), push (puush), shush (shush), nation (naeshun) t,T     top (top), putt (put), put (puut), cot (kot), try (trie) th,TH   thin (thin), with (with), breath (breth), zither (zither) dh,DH   they (dhey), breathe (breedh), though (dhoe), the (dhu) u,U     bug (bug), upper (uper), about (ubowt), wonder (wunder) ue,UE   few (fue), usual (uezueul), union (uenyun), fuse (fuez) uu,UU   book (buuk), could (kuud), full (fuul), shook (shuuk) v,V     vine (vien), love (luv), of (uv), vivid (vivid) w,W     wall (wawl), wish (wish), what (hwut), win (win) y,Y     yes (yes), yellow (yeloe), young (yung) z,Z     zip (zip), frozen (froezen), please (pleez) zh,ZH   measure (maezher), azure (azher), pleasure (plaezher)

appl, taeg, saed, maen eip, peil, pein, streit heir, marry terribl [not same] aarch, caart, afaar, haart ol, law, stawl, sawna/sauna boy, tubb, rubber, bawl cherch, patch, chaild dog, pad, muddl, did elk, let, helth, frend fiet, iet, ievl, wield, stier ir, fir, hir, chir hurrt, ster, her, urrly flai, puff, bifor, foan grass, rugg, ragged, goast hannd, hwai/wai, hammer, hitch wind, sit, histerria baind, mai, lait, kait jummp, fudj, joy, jem cat, luck, cwair, foalk col/cawl, lick, pillo, lammp momm, tummy, maus/mous, jamm

 

swazi:  The choice of the letters depends in large part on the choice of the final letterforms. YnifOn  Unifon
X for the, x for thin.  X man hu tuk an eksrA wcz very xin.    it wcz a kyut kuut kYt kUt yUnion Ynion Ynycn
X xin man lukt cbaut x sAm az hiz eksrA.
x Tin man man lukt cbaut x sAm az hiz eksrA.
hE rOt c gXd kXk bXk and fUld x eksperts.  xnder cn  c:xcr 
eks generates X 
egs doesn't since this is a wcrd.  x bcrd did not hav a bird but drank bir wix its bEk.
x -University had a -Unct on vnkL sam's -UnEk vnycnz
 

an [cn] apple c man wcn man   apL  apcl

The graphic above is a very compact version of the chart below.
The color codes are gray=unstressed vowels [a & y]
teal - 7 long vowels and syllabics
beige - 6 short vowels
yellow - 8 voiced consonants
green - 3 diphthongs 
green - 8 unvoiced consonants
gray - ng [always after a vowel]  h [always before a vowel]

urr and er are merged , urr is a primary long vowel, should merge er and schwa.

Purpose of this 8x6 chart.  These are the sounds of English. 
Any new orthography should have a letter that goes into each cell.
Some orthographyes will have the same letter in two or more cells to indicate a merger.
 

Paragraph Containing all 36 English phonemes plus important compounds
        see George Bernard Shaw's similar suggestion 

        Here is a nonsense sentence that is supposed to contain all of the English phonemes. 

        -------------- 
         I peeped at the tot who was kicking his fat thigh so surely that the church pastor
        said, 'Yea, I have hung the bells and they shall toll for the mime, if you bring me
        an egg and some ash on wool'. Without further ado, the fathers said they are up in
        the air, in disarray, even Ian, with his dead bib and the gag, 
        though he vowed never to measure or judge any animal of the zoo, lest woe befall
        him and they roar at him or even eat him. Better if they eat ice, oaks, oil, or ooze,
        he urged all of them, grasping his ear and kicking a yew. 
        ---------------------- 
        TASK - Rewrite in a consistent phonemic notation. 
 

U2:  I pEpt at Dc tqt hu wcz kikiN hiz fat TI so Surly Dat Dc CRC pastcr sed, "yA, I hav hcng Dc belz and thA Sal tol for Dc mIm.  if U bring mE an eg and scm aS on wul." withaut fRthcr cdu, the fqdcr sed thA qr xp in Di er.  in discrA, Evcn Icn, with hiz ded bib and Dc gag. thO hE vaud nevcr tu meZcr or juj eny animcl cv Dc zu.  lest wO bifol him and thA rOr at him or Evcn Et him.  betcr if thA Et Is, Oks, oil, or uz.  hE Rjd ol cv Dem, graspiN hiz ir and kikiN c U [yu].

SS: aI piepd at the taat hu waz kicking hiz faet thhai so shurrly thaet the cherch paster sed; 'Yey, aI hav hunng the bellz and they shall toll for the maim, If yu bring mi an egg and summ ash on wul.' Without furrther adu, the faatherz sed they aar upp in the eir, in disarey, ievan Ain, with hiz dead bib aend the gag. Tho hi voud nevver tu mezher or judj enny annimal av the zu.  Lest wo bifol him aend they roar at him or ieven iet him.  Better if they iet ais, oaks, oil, or uuz.  Hi urrjd ol av them, graesping hiz ir and kicking a yu [yew].

RITE: I peepd at the taat hu was kicking his fat thie so shurly that the cherch paster sed; 'Yay, I hav hung the bells and thay shall toll for the mime, If yu bring me an egg and sum ash on wul.' Without ferther adu, the faathers sed they aar up in the air, in dissaray, eevan Ian, with his ded bib and the gag. Tho hi voud nevver tu mezher or judj enny annimal av the zu.  Lest woe bifaul him and thay roar at him or eeven eet him.  Better if thay eet ice, oaks, oil, or uuz.  He urjd aul av them, grasping hiz eer and kicking a yu [yew].

www.unifon.org/uni-suspend-belief.html

48sax-fonograms.gif

http://www.unifon.org/ar-red-w.gif

14-vowels-10notations.html

16 ipa vowels-gif  tense-lax listing

ipa-vowels-k.gif alt. notations

symbols for phonemes

unifont [download now]

unifon tables 

spanglish3 sp3

Cherokee syllabary

• symbols for phonemes
• glos-spel.html 
• grafo-fonetics.html 
• ipavowel[1].jpg 
• lettermatrix
• https://sprout.phpwebhosting.com/~spelling/ 
• shaw spelling