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Homophones & Heterographs A nirly exostiv list below- lexical spelling compared to Spanglish acts, ax, axe awed - odd merry, marry, Mary, Marie heir, err, air- error akks, aex od - odd aad merry, marry, Marry, Mari eir, err, aer, arr- errer four, for, fore clause, claws bough, bow / bowtie  aisle, isle, I'll for foar cloz clawz bau, bo,  bowtai -boatai  / boutai / ail war, wore bussed, bust ceiling, sealing, sail ice, eyes, disguise wor-wawr, woar bussd-bvst-bast  cieling  sieling  seal/seil ais, aiz, disgaiz  Traditional spellings compared to SS phonemic spelling which can include alternate spellings

Click on the button of your choice - local is a the right end of the link  Links truespel Spelling Links SiteMap-index Spanglish heterographs ext-homophone list ww-SiteMap-index saundspel-egroup Content based on the book, Handbook of Homophones by Wm. Townsend, 1975 and the  list by Chris Upward and published in the Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society with additions from the Moby pronounced dictionary. Commentaries and digital content supplemented by Evan Antworth  Original page elements   ©1998-BETA--Web Design

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Words that sound the same but are not spelled the same are supposed to pose a particular problem for broad phonemic notations such as Saxon-Spanglish (shown above and below).  (see bad arguments against reform) Phonemic spelling turns homophones into homografs:[right, write, rite] become [rait]. In a perfect alphabetical systems, words that rhyme would be spelled the same.  If you want to distinguish words with different meanings in writing, then it must be done in speech first.  In speech, there is usually no clear distinction between between unstressed vowels. Thus distinctions such as  minor/miner  can be retained as  mainor/main@r.  This would obscure stress since er is always unstressed and or is usually stressed. There is always some artistic license.  rait could be spelled wrait and pronounced /werait/. The word may have been pronounced /urait/ at one time just as [knife] was pronounced as spelled before 1400.  W as the phonogram for the short U is found today in the Welsh writing system.  focus is speled ffocws.  profession is spelled proffesiwn. Homophones are no more of a problem in writing than they are in speaking.  Usually the context will clearly reveal which meaning or interpretation is appropriate.  Hi pleid in the mainr lieg.  Wi dont sell bier tu mainrz.  Mainrz can no longer bi coal mainrz. Trying to preserve written distinctions when there are none in speaking makes the written word more complex.  It can be done, particularly in systems that have different ways to write stressed and unstressed sounds, but is it worth it? The more serious problem is code overlap [e.g., homographic heterophones].  Some code overlaps are the result of trying to distingiush homophones in writing [heterographic homophones].  Most, however, are just accidents or unplanned evolution.  Code overlaps occur in syllables and vowel spellings as well as in whole words.  The following table shows a range of overlaps for the spelling [ise] which can be interpreted as  /is/  /i:s/  /ais/  /aiz/   Traditional promise paradise surprise expertise Spanglish prommis parradais serpraiz   sapraiz experties Merriam Webster promis pa:r&dIs s&rprIz eksp@rtEs XENGLIK prqmis parxdais sxprais sRpraiz  ekspxrtEs IPA 'pra:mis 'paer@d@ is s@ r 'praiz 'eksp@ rti:s RITE promis paradise surprize  serprize expertees Cut Spelling promis paradise surprise expertise Truespel promis paridies serprriez ekspertees Unifon prxmis parcdIs scrprIz ekspcrtIs Unifon 2 prqmis parcdIs scrprIz eXpcrtIs Promise and paradise and surprise are certainly cases of the same spelling for different sounds, i.e., homographic heterophones.prommis, paeradais, serpraiz Homophones [same sound] are words that are pronounced alike even if they differ in spelling, meaning, or origin,  such as "pair" and "pear". Homophones may also be spelled alike, as in "bear" (the animal) and "bear" (to carry). These are sometimes called homonyms. The list below, however, consists only of homophones that are not spelled alike [heterographic homophones].  Heterograph  [different look] Heterographs are words that are spelled the same but may not be pronounced the same.  Homographs [same appearance on the page] [BELOW: ambiguous labels with respect to the above] Homonym  sometimes refers to the subset of homophones that are spelled alike [such as the 'bear' example above]  and sometimes refers to any homophone such as [pair-pare-pear]. Usually a homographic homophone but not necessarily. Synonym same meaning.  Words that neither look nor sound alike can still mean the same thing. The meaning dimensioins is absent from the following table. A nirly exostiv list acts, ax, axe awed - odd merry, Mary, marry; Marie heir, err, air- error a.ks, akks, aex od - o.d, odd merry, Marry, marry, Mari eir, er, aer - eerer four, for, fore clause, claws bough, bow / bowtie  aisle, isle, I'll for foar cloz clawz bau, bo,  bowtai / boutai / ail war, wore bussed, bust ceiling, sealing ice, eyes, disguise wor [woar] busst--bvst-bast  cieling  sieling  sieliq ais, aiz, disgaiz  Traditional spellings compared to SS phonemic spelling which can include alternate spellings Words that sound the same but are not spelled the same is supposed to pose a particular problem for broad phonemic notations such as Saxon-panglish. In a consistent alphabetical systems, words that rhyme are spelled the same.  If you want to distinguish words with different meanings in writing, then it must be done in speech first. The minor/miner distinction can be retained as mainor/main@r. The improvement in clarity would be offset by an increase in spelling difficulty.  In speech, there is usually no clear distinction between between unstressed vowels. The orthographer has to choose between the accurate description of someone's dialect or simplified spelling.  Truespel spells vegetable as vejtubool because the final vowel sounds more like bull.to Tom's ear than it / b'l/.  In Spanglish it is vejtabl. [Note that the second e is silent.  It is there to mark the "soft" g or /j/ sounding g.] There is always some artistic license.  rait could be spelled wrait and pronounced /werait/. The word may have been pronounced /urait/ at one time just as [knife] was pronounced as spelled before 1400.  This chart reverses the coordinates - sound now on top heterophonic homographs and homophonic heterographs are confusing sight    -/-    sound homo-phone [same sound] hetero-phone [different sound] homo-graph [same look or shape] ear rhyme = eye rhyme same spelling & sound bear - animal or carry same spelling different pronunciation tear  /tir/  or  /ter/ hetero-graph [different look or shape] different spelling -  same pronunciation  bare - uncovered bear -  to carry homophonic heterograph different spelling different pronunciation Can have the same meaning - synonym tear - rip Rhyme, same  terminal sound [do few], same terminal spelling in a phonemic script.[du fyu] Code Overlap refers to identical spellings with two different meanings and pronunciations [homographic heterophones].        air /er/  stuff we breathe       are /er/  1/100th of a hectare       e'er /er/ contraction of "ever"       ere  /er/ eventually       err /er/ make a mistake  also'r, r      heir /er/ one who will inherit Find more homophones  listed this way Note As shown on the right, a broad romic phonemic notation can still have alternate spellings.  The difference is that each letter can be pronounced and the pronounciation is clear and close.  http://www.unifon.org/homofonz.html Spanglish er /r/ eir/er/ aeyr Note: layer=leyr airplane might be aeroplane list of homophones "Hi traid tu rait about the rait rait. "  Identify the traditional spellings of /rait/ in this sentence.  "He tried to __1__  about the __2__  __3__."  A. rite    ___ B. write ___ C. right  ___ Altho wool can be written wwl, [urait] cannot be written as [wrait].  This is because the short u never appears in the initial position in English and W is never a vowel in the initial position.  The one exception is [oops] which can be pronounced with a short u sound.  However, wrait could be interpreted as werait /w@rait/.  Since one can review the context, homophones would be less problem in writing and reading than in conversation.  It certainly would not be any more of a problem than interpreting spoken words that are pronounced the same. (see bad arguments against spelling reform)  For the purpose at hand, the list below contains words that sound the same (or very nearly the same) but are not spelled the same. Thus the list includes "bear" and "bare" but not "bear" (noun) and "bear" (verb). However, the list does occasionally include spelling variants of the same word when there is another word in the same entry; for instance, "ax, axe, acts" is in the list but not "blessed,blest". (Note that the only difference between "homophones" and "spelling variant" is whether or not the words are lexically "the same".)  The determination of what counts as sounding the "same" depends on the dialect of the speaker. Some of the entries in this list may be homophones in my speech but not yours (for instance, "awed" and "odd". The designation "General American English" should be sufficient to disallow strong regional dialects (in the south, "tire" and "tar" can be homophones!) while allowing for some minor variation. For instance, there are entries for "cot, caught" and "marry, merry, Mary".  "If we spelled words as they're pronounced, confusion would reign (or rain) since homophones like <fisher/fissure>, <minor/miner>, <two/to> and <session/cession> would become indistinguishable."  fishr/fizhr, mainer/mainor, twu/tu, seshan/cesahn Reply:   As shown above, none of the example words would have to be homophonic homographs.  They could become heterophonic heterographs.  However, the chief advantage of a broad phonemic transcription is to eliminate minor variations in pronunciation and spelling.   To simply spelling it makes sense to merge [mainer-mainor] into mainr or m'ynr.  Note:  To pronounce mainr pronounce the a as uh or ah, the i as ee in see and ski, and  the r as er in her. [mainr] = [mah-ee-ner]  In Spanglish, a always = schwa [uh] or an unstressed aa.  y unless followed by a vowel is pronounced as an unstressed /i:/ [very].  [my] would be pronounced as in [tummy]. The pronoun would be spelled mai. Justin Rye's Reply:  These words already are indistinguishable when spoken, but when did this fact last cause you any significant inconvenience in a conversation?  People naturally avoid ambiguities in speech unless they're trying to contrive a pun, so if you write as you would speak homophones are no problem.  In the examples, there is only one that is spelled the same in Spanglish. Contrariwise, ambiguous spellings like <bow, close, does, dove, lead, live, minute, number, read, use, wind, wound> currently are a problem; and such misleading homographic heterophones could be sorted out by the most moderate of spelling reforms.  bow/bau [bo/bou], clowz/cloaz/cloas, daz [duzz]/doas/doaz, dav [duvv]/doav, liv/laiv, minnat/mainut, numbr/nummr, ried/read/red, yuus/yuuz, wind/waind, wund/waund.  [for more, go to bad arguments against reform] Pseudo Homophones                 "Evidence against the sole usage of the visual route, however, comes from the                  fact that skilled readers are able to read pseudo homophones. A                  pseudo homophone is essentially a non word, but if it is read aloud then its                  phonology is identical to that of a real word; take, for example, the non word                  'phocks’. Although it would be able to be read using lexical analogy, no                  meaning would be accessed for the pseudohomophone since it will probably                  not have been encountered before and it therefore will have no lexical status.                  The fact that the word 'phocks' can be read and understood to be ‘fox’ indicates                  that the lexical route was not used in isolation."  The list below contains a few proper names, which are capitalized; e.g. "Pete" and "peat". I think this is useful as long as proper names are limited to common ones. (Proper names that differ only in case from common nouns are not included, e.g. "bill,"Bill".) If any and all proper names were fair game, I fear we would be off and running (how about "Malays" and "malaise"?). But I am open to advice.  The format of the list is as follows. Each set of homophones is on a single line terminated by a return. The members of a set are separated by commas with no trailing spaces. (Thus it is essentially the same as "comma-delimited" database format.) The list is alphabetized by the first word (the headword) in each set (line). Each word in the list occurs as a headword; thus each word occurs at least twice: once as a headword and at least once in the tail of the list. This scheme permits retrieval from the list by examining the headword of each line only. For instance: ascent,assent assent,ascent In general, regularly inflected forms of an entry are not included; thus the list contains "bough, bow" but not "boughs, bows".  Avoid spellings that fall into the red letter cells - graphic above SOUND     /    SIGHT same spelling different spelling   same pronunciation homographic homophone same look & sound, dif. meaning ground coffee, ground floor heterographic homophone different spelling-same pronounciation:  pear-pare   different pronunciation homographic heterophone same look & different sound live = liv / laiv, use = yuus/yuuz heterographic heterophone different spelling-different sound different meaning   pear-bear Inconsistencies in English spelling:homographic heterophones          a: [ei] in hating, [a:] in father, [o:] in water, [e] in many, [æ] in hat, [o] in want, ['] in              brilliant, [e] in various, [i] in village. heiting, faather, woter, menny, hatt, wont, brillyant,               verrias, villi  hEtiN   fxDcr   wxtcr   menE   hat   wont   brilicnt   verEus   vilij           ae: [i:] in minutiae, [e] in aerial, [ei] in Israeli   alt. minUSc   izrAlE           ai: [ei] in sail, [e] in said, [æ] in plait, [ei] in dais, [ai] in aisle, [a:ii:] in naive           ao: [ei] in gaol /jeil/, [eio] in chaos [kaos], [u/ou] in pharaoh /ferrow/   ferO           au: [ei] in gauging /geijiq/, [a:] in aunt, [o:] in haul, [u/ou] in chauffeur /showfr/, [o] in                laurel   [gAjiN xnt, hxl, shOfcr, lxrcl]           aw: [o:] in awful /olfwl/   paw, crawl [see all]  aa+u  close to [oh]  sao=sau           ay: [ei] in pray, [e] in says  [prey, sez]      hi sez hi preiz - hE sez hE prAz           e:   [i:] in be, [i] in pretty, [e] in let, ['] in open   [bi, pritty, lett, oup'n/'up'n]           ea: [i:] in heal, [ei] in great, [i] in guineas, [e] in head, [i:æ] in react, [i] in area, [i:ei]                                creator           eau: [u/ou] in beau, [ju:] in beautiful /byutifwl/  [ref: eh+ah+u  @u]            ee: [i:] in feet, [i] breeches [ee is not a perfect representation of i: but its close] [more]   How the ancient egyptians handled homophones Discussion:  go to www.egroups.com/group/saundspel or send a message to saundspel@egroups.com

Homophones    ho'mo'fo'nz hoamofoanz
Heterographic Homophones
removal of duplicate header words attempted in tabular list

[no aa or ab homophones]
acclamation,acclimation acclimation,acclamation ad,add add,ad adds,adze ade,aid,aide adieu,ado ado,adieu adze,adds aery,airy affect,effect aid,ade,aide aide,ade,aid ail,ale air,ere,err,heir airs,errs,heirs airy,aery aisle,I'll,isle ale,ail all,awl allied,elide allowed,aloud allude,elude allusion,illusion aloud,allowed altar,alter alter,altar ant,aunt arc,ark are,r ark,arc ascent,assent assent,ascent ate,eight auger,augur aught,ought augur,auger aunt,ant aural,oral away,aweigh awed,odd aweigh,away awful,offal awl,all awn,on ax,axe,acts axe,ax,acts ay,aye,eye,I,i aye,ay,eye,I,i ayes,eyes

b's,bees b,be,bee bach,batch bad,bade bade,bad bail,bale bait,bate bald,bawled bale,bail balks,box ball,bawl balm,bomb band,banned banned,band banns,bans bans,banns bard,barred bare,bear baron,barren barred,bard barren,baron base,bass based,baste bask,Basque Basque,bask bass,base baste,based batch,bach bate,bait bawl,ball bawled,bald bay,bey bazaar,bizarre be,b,bee beach,beech bear,bare beat,beet beau,bow bee,b,be beech,beach been,bin beer,bier bees,b's beet,beat beetle,betel bell,belle belle,bell benzene,benzine benzine,benzene berry,bury berth,birth betel,beetle better,bettor bettor,better bey,bay bier,beer bight,bite,byte billed,build bin,been bird,burred birth,berth bite,bight,byte bizarre,bazaar blew,blue bloc,block block,bloc blue,blew boar,Boer,bore board,bored boatswain,bosun Boer,boar,bore bogey,bogie,bogy bogie,bogey,bogy bogy,bogey,bogie bold,bowled bolder,boulder bole,boll,bowl boll,bole,bowl bomb,balm boos,booze booze,boos bore,boar,Boer bored,board born,borne,bourn,bourne borne,born,bourn,bourne borough,burgh,burro,burrow bosun,boatswain bough,bow boulder,bolder bourn,bourne,born,borne bourne,bourn,born,borne bow,beau bow,bough bowl,bole,boll bowled,bold box,balks boy,buoy brae,bray braid,brayed braise,brays,braze brake,break bray,brae brayed,braid brays,braise,braze braze,braise,brays breach,breech bread,bred break,brake bream,brim bred,bread bred,bread breech,breach breech,breach breech,breach brewed,brood brews,bruise bridal,bridle bridle,bridal brim,bream broach,brooch brooch,broach brood,brewed brows,browse browse,brows bruise,brews bruit,brute brute,bruit buccal,buckle buckle,buccal build,billed buoy,boy bur,burr

[naero] narrow
[b'ero] burgh,borough,burro,burrow [brly] burley,burly burly,burley burr,bur burred,bird burro,borough,burgh,burrow burrow,borough,burgh,burro bury,berry bus,buss buss,bus bussed,bust bust,bussed but,butt butt,but buy,by,bye [bai] by,buy,bye bye,buy,by [bait] byte,bight,bite [siz] c's,seas,sees,seize [si] c,sea,see

cache,cash Cain,cane calendar,calender calender,calendar calk,caulk call,caul can't,cant canape,canopy cane,Cain cannon,canon canon,cannon canopy,canape cant,can't canter,cantor cantor,canter capital,capitol capitol,capital carat,caret,carrot,karat caret,carat,carrot,karat carrot,carat,caret,karat cash,cache cask,casque casque,cask cast,caste caste,cast caster,castor castor,caster caught,cot caul,call caulk,calk cause,caws cawed,cod caws,cause cay,key,quay cedar,seeder cede,seed ceil,seal ceiling,sealing cell,sell cellar,seller censer,censor,sensor censor,censer,sensor cent,scent,sent cents,scents,sense cereal,serial cession,session champagne,champaign champaign,champagne chance,chants chants,chance chanty,shanty chased,chaste chaste,chased cheap,cheep check,cheque,Czech cheep,cheap cheque,check,Czech chews,choose chic,sheikh Chile,chili,chilly chili,Chile,chilly chilly,Chile,chili choir,quire choler,collar choose,chews choral,coral chord,cord chute,shoot cite,sight,site clack,claque claque,clack clause,claws claws,clause click,clique climb,clime clime,climb clique,click close,clothes clothes,close coal,cole coaled,cold coarse,course coat,cote coax,cokes cocks,Cox coco,cocoa cocoa,coco cod,cawed coffer,cougher coin,quoin cokes,coax cold,coaled cole,coal collar,choler colonel,kernel color,culler complement,compliment complementary,complimentary compliment,complement complimentary,complementary con,khan conch,conk confidence,confidents confidents,confidence confirmation,conformation conformation,confirmation conk,conch coo,coup coolie,coolly coolly,coolie coop,coupe coral,choral cord,chord core,corps corps,core correspondence,correspondents correspondents,correspondence cot,caught cote,coat cougher,coffer council,counsel councilor,counselor counsel,council counselor,councilor coup,coo coupe,coop course,coarse cousin,cozen coward,cowered cowered,coward Cox,cocks cozen,cousin crape,crepe crawl,kraal creak,creek creek,creak crepe,crape crewel,cruel crews,cruise,cruse cruel,crewel cruise,crews,cruse crumby,crummy crummy,crumby cruse,crews,cruise cue,q,queue cues,q's,queues culler,color currant,current current,currant cygnet,signet cymbal,symbol Czech,check,cheque

[daem] dam,damn damn,dam [dein] Dane,deign [deyz/dayz] days,daze daze,days
[dir] dear,deer deer,dear deign,Dane dense,dents
[dens] dents,dense [dissent] descent,dissent [dus] deuce,douce
[du] dew,do,due [dai] die,dye [dain] dine,dyne
[dair] dire,dyer [discrit] discreet,discrete discrete,discreet
[dissent] dissent,descent [dissidens] dissidence,dissidents dissidents,dissidence [du] do,dew,due do,
[dow] doe,dough  [dock] doc,dock dock,doc [dow] doe,do,dough [dowz] does,doughs,doze [dan] done,dun [dus] douce,deuce dough,do,doe doughs,does,doze doze,does,doughs draft,draught draught,draft dual,duel [dvkt] ducked,duct duct,ducked due,dew,do duel,dual dun,done dye,die dyer,dire dyne,dine

[iz] e's,ease earn,urn ease,e's
[iv] eave,eve [afect] effect,affect [eit] eight,ate
[ilicit] elicit,illicit  [alaid] elide,allied  [el] ell,l [alud] elude,allude
[innumerabl] enumerable,innumerable
[er] ere,air,err,heir err,air,ere,heir
[erz] errs,airs,heirs  [iv] eve,eave
[yu] ewe,u,yew,you  [yuz] ewes,u's,use,yews
[ai] eye,ay,aye,I,i  [aid] eyed,I'd  [ailet] eyelet,islet [aiz] eyes,ayes
 

facts,fax faery,fairy,ferry faille,file,phial fain,fane,feign faint,feint fair,fare fairy,faery,ferry faker,fakir fakir,faker fane,fain,feign fare,fair faro,Pharaoh fate,fete faun,fawn fawn,faun fawned,fond fax,facts Fay's,faze,phase fay,fey faze,Fay's,phase feat,feet feet,feat feign,fain,fane feint,faint felloe,fellow fellow,felloe felt,veldt fennel,phenyl ferrule,ferule ferry,faery,fairy ferule,ferrule fete,fate fey,fay fiance,fiancee fiancee,fiance file,faille,phial filet,fillet fill,Phil fillet,filet filter,philtre fin,Finn find,fined fined,find finish,Finnish Finn,fin Finnish,finish fir,fur fisher,fissure fissure,fisher fizz,phiz flair,flare flare,flair flea,flee flee,flea flew,flu,flue flier,flyer flocks,phlox floe,flow flour,flower flow,floe flower,flour flu,flew,flue flue,flew,flu flyer,flier foaled,fold fold,foaled fond,fawned for,fore,four fore,for,four foreword,forward fort,forte forte,fort forth,fourth forward,foreword foul,fowl fouler,fowler four,for,fore fourth,forth fowl,foul fowler,fouler franc,frank frank,franc frays,phrase frees,freeze,frieze freeze,frees,frieze friar,fryer frieze,frees,freeze fryer,friar fungous,fungus fungus,fungous fur,fir fuse,fuze fuze,fuse

Gael,Gail,gale gaff,gaffe gaffe,gaff gage,gauge Gail,Gael,gale gait,gate gale,Gael,Gail gall,Gaul gamble,gambol gambol,gamble gamin,gammon gammon,gamin gate,gait gauge,gage Gaul,gall Gay's,gaze,gays gays,Gay's,gaze gaze,Gay's,gays gel,jell genes,Jean's,jeans gibe,jibe gild,guild gilt,guilt gneiss,nice gnu,knew,new gored,gourd gorilla,guerilla gourd,gored grade,grayed graft,graphed graphed,graft grate,great grayed,grade grays,graze graze,grays grease,Greece great,grate greaves,grieves Greece,grease grieves,greaves grill,grille grille,grill grip,grippe grippe,grip grisly,grizzly grizzly,grisly groan,grown grown,groan guerilla,gorilla guessed,guest guest,guessed guide,guyed guild,gild guilt,gilt guise,guys guyed,guide guys,guise gym,Jim

hail,hale hair,hare hairy,harry hale,hail hall,haul halve,have handsome,hansom hangar,hanger hanger,hangar hansom,handsome hare,hair harry,hairy hart,heart haul,hall have,halve hawk,hock hay's,haze hay,hey haze,hay's he'd,heed he'll,heal,heel heal,he'll,heel hear,here heard,herd heart,hart heed,he'd heel,he'll,heal heir,air,ere,err heirs,airs,errs herd,heard here,hear heroin,heroine heroine,heroin hertz,hurts hew,hue,Hugh hey,hay hi,hie,high hide,hied,Hyde hie,hi,high hied,hide,Hyde high,hi,hie higher,hire him,hymn hire,higher ho,hoe hoard,horde hoarse,horse hock,hawk hoe,ho hoes,hose hole,whole holey,holy,wholly holy,holey,wholly hoop,whoop horde,hoard horse,hoarse hose,hoes hostel,hostile hostile,hostel hour,our house,hows hows,house hue,hew,Hugh Hugh,hew,hue humerus,humorous humorous,humerus hurts,hertz Hyde,hide,hied hymn,him I'd,eyed I'll,aisle,isle I,i,ay,aye,eye i,I,ay,aye,eye idle,idol,idyll idol,idle,idyll idyll,idle,idol illicit,elicit illusion,allusion immanent,imminent imminent,immanent impassable,impassible impassible,impassable in,inn indict,indite indite,indict inflection,inflexion inflexion,inflection inn,in innumerable,enumerable installation,instillation instillation,installation isle,aisle,I'll islet,eyelet it's,its its,it's j,jay jam,jamb jamb,jam jay,j Jean's,genes,jeans jeans,genes,Jean's jell,gel jewel,joule Jewry,jury jibe,gibe Jim,gym jinks,jinx jinx,jinks joule,jewel jury,Jewry k,Kay,quai karat,carat,caret,carrot Kay,k,quai kernel,colonel key,cay,quay khan,con knap,nap,nape knave,nave knead,kneed,need kneed,knead,need knew,gnu,new knight,night knit,nit knock,nock knot,not know,no knows,no's,nose kraal,crawl l,ell lac,lack lack,lac lacks,lax lade,laid laid,lade lain,lane lam,lamb lamb,lam lane,lain lap,Lapp Lapp,lap laps,lapse lapse,laps lax,lacks lay,lei lea,lee leach,leech lead,led leaf,lief leak,leek lean,lien leased,least least,leased led,lead lee,lea leech,leach leek,leak lei,lay lessen,lesson lesson,lessen levee,levy levy,levee Lew's,loos,lose,Lou's Lew,Lou,lieu liar,lyre licker,liquor lie,lye lief,leaf lien,lean lieu,Lew,Lou limb,limn limn,limb links,lynx liquor,licker lo,low load,lode,lowed loan,lone loch,lock lock,loch locks,lox lode,load,lowed lone,loan loop,loupe loos,Lew's,Lou's,lose loot,lute lose,Lew's,loos,Lou's Lou's,Lew's,loos,lose Lou,Lew,lieu loupe,loop low,lo lowed,load,lode lox,locks lumbar,lumber lumber,lumbar lute,loot lye,lie lynx,links lyre,liar made,maid magnate,magnet magnet,magnate maid,made mail,male main,Maine,mane Maine,main,mane maize,May's,maze male,mail mall,maul mane,main,Maine manner,manor manor,manner mantel,mantle mantle,mantel marks,Marx marry,Mary,merry marshal,martial marten,martin martial,marshal martin,marten Marx,marks Mary,marry,merry massed,mast mast,massed maul,mall May's,maize,maze maze,maize,May's me,mi mead,meed mean,mien meat,meet,mete meatier,meteor medal,meddle meddle,medal meed,mead meet,meat,mete merry,marry,Mary metal,mettle mete,meat,meet meteor,meatier mettle,metal mews,muse mi,me mien,mean might,mite mil,mill mill,mil mince,mints mind,mined mined,mind miner,minor minor,miner mints,mince missal,missile missed,mist misses,Mrs. missile,missal mist,missed mite,might moan,mown moat,mote mode,mowed moo,moue mood,mooed mooed,mood moose,mousse morn,mourn mot,mow mote,moat moue,moo mourn,morn mousse,moose mow,mot mowed,mode mown,moan Mrs.,misses muscle,mussel muse,mews mussed,must mussel,muscle must,mussed mustard,mustered mustered,mustard nap,knap,nape nape,knap,nap naval,navel nave,knave navel,naval nay,nee,neigh nee,nay,neigh need,knead,kneed neigh,nay,nee new,gnu,knew nice,gneiss night,knight nit,knit no's,knows,nose no,know nock,knock none,nun nose,knows,no's not,knot nun,none o'er,oar,or,ore o,oh,owe oar,o'er,or,ore odd,awed ode,owed offal,awful oh,o,owe oleo,olio olio,oleo on,awn one,won or,o'er,oar,ore oral,aural ore,o'er,oar,or ought,aught our,hour owe,o,oh owed,ode p's,peas,pees p,pea,pee paced,paste packed,pact pact,packed pail,pale pain,pane pair,pare,pear palate,palette pale,pail palette,palate pall,Paul,pawl pane,pain pare,pair,pear parish,pearish,perish passed,past past,passed paste,paced patience,patients patients,patience Paul,pall,pawl pause,paws pawed,pod pawl,pall,Paul pawned,pond paws,pause pea,p,pee peace,piece peak,peek,pique peal,peel pear,pair,pare pearish,parish,perish pearl,purl peas,p's,pees peat,Pete pedal,peddle peddle,pedal pee,p,pea peek,peak,pique peel,peal peer,pier pees,p's,peas per,purr perish,parish,pearish Pete,peat petrel,petrol petrol,petrel pew,phew Pharaoh,faro phase,Fay's,faze phenyl,fennel phew,pew phial,faille,file Phil,fill philtre,filter phiz,fizz phlox,flocks phrase,frays pi,pie pic,pick pick,pic picks,pix pidgin,pigeon pie,pi piece,peace pier,peer pigeon,pidgin Pilate,pilot pilot,Pilate pique,peak,peek pistil,pistol pistol,pistil pix,picks place,plaice plaice,place plain,plane plait,plate plane,plain plantar,planter planter,plantar plate,plait pleas,please please,pleas pleural,plural plum,plumb plumb,plum plural,pleural pod,pawed pole,poll poled,polled poll,pole polled,poled pommel,pummel pond,pawned poor,pore,pour populace,populous populous,populace pore,poor,pour pour,poor,pore praise,prays,preys pray,prey prays,praise,preys precisian,precision precision,precisian presence,presents presents,presence prey,pray preys,praise,prays pride,pried pried,pride prier,prior prince,prints principal,principle principle,principal prints,prince prior,prier prise,prize prize,prise profit,prophet prophet,profit pros,prose prose,pros Psalter,salter pummel,pommel purl,pearl purr,per q's,cues,queues q,cue,queue quai,k,Kay quarts,quartz quartz,quarts quay,cay,key quean,queen queen,quean queue,cue,q queues,cues,q's quire,choir quoin,coin r,are rabbet,rabbit rabbit,rabbet rack,wrack raid,rayed rain,reign,rein raise,Ray's,rays,raze raiser,razer,razor rap,wrap rapped,rapt,wrapped rapper,wrapper rapping,wrapping rapt,rapped,wrapped Ray's,raise,rays,raze ray,re rayed,raid rays,raise,Ray's,raze raze,raise,Ray's,rays razer,raiser,razor razor,raiser,razer re,ray read,red read,reed real,reel red,read reed,read reek,wreak reel,real reign,rain,rein rein,rain,reign residence,residents residents,residence rest,wrest retch,wretch review,revue revue,review rex,wrecks rheum,room rheumy,roomy rhyme,rime rigger,rigor right,rite,wright,write rigor,rigger rime,rhyme ring,wring ringer,wringer rite,right,wright,write road,rode,rowed roam,Rome rode,road,rowed roe,row roes,rose,rows role,roll roll,role Rome,roam rood,rude,rued room,rheum roomer,rumor roomy,rheumy root,route rose,roes,rows rot,wrought rote,wrote rough,ruff rouse,rows rout,route route,root route,rout roux,rue row,roe rowed,road,rode rows,roes,rose rows,rouse rude,rood,rued rue,roux rued,rood,rude ruff,rough rumor,roomer rung,wrung Russell,rustle rustle,Russell rye,wry sac,sack sachet,sashay sack,sac sacks,sax sail,sale sale,sail salter,Psalter sandhi,sandy sandy,sandhi sane,seine sashay,sachet saver,savor savor,saver sawed,sod sax,sacks scalar,scaler scaler,scalar scene,seen scent,cent,sent scents,cents,sense scull,skull sea,c,see seal,ceil sealing,ceiling seam,seem seaman,semen sear,seer,sere seas,c's,sees,seize sects,sex see,c,sea seed,cede seeder,cedar seek,Sikh seem,seam seen,scene seer,sear,sere sees,c's,seas,seize seine,sane seize,c's,seas,sees sell,cell seller,cellar semen,seaman sense,cents,scents sensor,censer,censor sent,cent,scent sere,sear,seer serf,surf serge,surge serial,cereal session,cession sew,so,sow sewer,suer sewn,sown sex,sects shanty,chanty shear,sheer sheer,shear sheikh,chic shoe,shoo shone,shown shoo,shoe shoot,chute shown,shone sic,sick sick,sic side,sighed sighed,side sigher,sire sighs,size sight,cite,site sign,sine signet,cygnet Sikh,seek sine,sign sink,sync Sioux,sue sire,sigher site,cite,sight size,sighs skull,scull slay,sleigh sleigh,slay sleight,slight slew,slough,slue slight,sleight sloe,slow slough,slew,slue slow,sloe slue,slew,slough so,sew,sow soar,sore soared,sword socks,sox sod,sawed sol,sole,soul sold,soled sole,sol,soul soled,sold some,sum son,sun sonny,sunny soot,suit sore,soar sot,sought sough,sow sought,sot soul,sol,sole sow,sew,so sow,sough sown,sewn sox,socks spade,spayed spayed,spade squaller,squalor squalor,squaller staff,staph staid,stayed stair,stare stake,steak stalk,stock stanch,staunch staph,staff stare,stair stationary,stationery stationery,stationary staunch,stanch stayed,staid steak,stake steal,steel steel,steal step,steppe steppe,step stile,style stock,stalk straight,strait straighten,straiten strait,straight straiten,straighten sty,stye stye,sty style,stile subtler,sutler succor,sucker sucker,succor sue,Sioux suer,sewer suit,soot suite,sweet sum,some sun,son sundae,Sunday Sunday,sundae sunny,sonny surf,serf surge,serge sutler,subtler sweet,suite sword,soared symbol,cymbal sync,sink

t's,teas,tease,tees t,tea,tee tacked,tact tacks,tax tact,tacked tail,tale tale,tail taper,tapir tapir,taper tare,tear taught,taut,tot taupe,tope taut,taught,tot tax,tacks tea,t,tee team,teem tear,tare tear,tier teas,t's,tease,tees tease,t's,teas,tees tee,t,tea teem,team tees,t's,teas,tease tense,tents tents,tense tern,turn Thai,tie the,thee thee,the their,there theirs,there's there's,theirs there,their thrash,thresh thresh,thrash threw,through throe,throw throes,throws throne,thrown through,threw throw,throe thrown,throne throws,throes thyme,time tic,tick tick,tic tide,tied tie,Thai tied,tide tier,tear timber,timbre timbre,timber time,thyme to,too,two toad,toed,towed tocsin,toxin toe,tow toed,toad,towed told,tolled tolled,told ton,tun too,to,two tool,tulle tooter,tutor tope,taupe tot,taut,taught tow,toe towed,toad,toed toxin,tocsin tracked,tract tract,tracked travail,travel travel,travail tray,trey trays,treys trey,tray treys,trays troop,troupe troupe,troop trussed,trust trust,trussed tulle,tool tun,ton turban,turbine turbine,turban turn,tern tutor,tooter two,to,too u's,ewes,use,yews u,ewe,yew,you undo,undue undue,undo unreal,unreel unreel,unreal urn,earn use,ewes,u's,yews

vail,vale,veil vain,vane,vein vale,vail,veil vane,vain,vein vary,very veil,vale,vail vein,vain,vane veldt,felt venous,Venus Venus,venous versed,verst verst,versed very,vary vial,vile,viol vice,vise victual,vittle vile,vial,viol villous,villus villus,villous viol,vial,vile viscous,viscus viscus,viscous vise,vice vittle,victual wade,weighed wail,wale,whale wailer,whaler wain,wane,Wayne waist,waste wait,weight waive,wave waiver,waver wale,wail,whale walk,wok wane,wain,Wayne wander,wonder want,wont war,wore ward,warred ware,wear,weir,where wares,wears,where's warn,worn warred,ward wary,wherry waste,waist wave,waive waver,waiver wax,whacks way,weigh,whey Wayne,wane,wain we'd,weed we'll,weal,wheal,wheel we're,weir we've,weave we,wee weak,week weal,we'll,wheal,wheel weald,wield weaner,wiener wear,ware,weir,where wears,wares,where's weather,wether,whether weave,we've wee,we weed,we'd week,weak weigh,way,whey weighed,wade weight,wait weir,ware,wear,where weir,we're weld,welled welled,weld were,whir wet,whet wether,weather,whether whacks,wax whale,wail,wale whaler,wailer wheal,wheel,we'll,weal wheel,we'll,weal,wheal where's,wares,wears where,weir,ware,wear wherry,wary whet,wet whether,weather,wether whey,way,weigh which,witch whicker,wicker whig,wig while,wile whin,win whined,wind,wined whinny,Winnie whir,were whirl,whorl whirled,whorled,world whirred,word whish,wish whit,wit whither,wither Whittier,wittier who's,whose whoa,woe whole,hole wholly,holey,holy whoop,hoop whop,wop whorl,whirl whorled,whirled,world whose,who's why,y whys,wise,y's wicker,whicker wield,weald wiener,weaner wig,whig wild,wiled wile,while wiled,wild win,whin wind,whined,wined wined,whined,wind Winnie,whinny wise,whys,y's wish,whish wit,whit witch,which with,withe withe,with wither,whither wittier,Whittier woe,whoa wok,walk won,one wont,want wood,would wop,whop word,whirred wore,war world,whirled,whorled worn,warn worst,wurst would,wood wrack,rack wrap,rap wrapped,rapped,rapt wrapper,rapper wrapping,rapping wreak,reek wrecks,rex wrest,rest wretch,retch wright,right,rite,write wring,ring wringer,ringer write,right,rite,wright wrote,rote wrought,rot wrung,rung wry,rye wurst,worst y's,wise,whys y,why yawn,yon yew,ewe,u,you yews,ewes,u's,use

yoke,yolk yolk,yoke yon,yawn yore,you're,your you'll,yule you're,yore,your you,ewe,u,yew your,yore,you're yule,you'll

Double consonants after short stressed vowel.  narrow = narro or naero Nero = Niero Niero waz  nevver narro narottic hu yuuzd naarcotics.
burrow and burro = burro,  barrow = baaro,  barrel = barrel,  berial = berrial,  bureau = byero, feeble film = fiebl film

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