Phoneme awareness
(confused at times with "phonics").
Definitions: phoneme,
phone, phonics, phonetics
True phoneme awareness [according to
Akses]
is the receptive condition infants attain and perfect as they learn to
speak and understand words. It lasts in its pristine condition until
a well-meaning person begins to teach the alphabet to a child and the child
begins to connect the ABCs with words as in reading and writing.
To the extent that the child substitutes a spoken "see, ay, tee" for the
perception that the word for "her kittyness" is /kat/, to that extent the
child loses "phoneme awareness." The point of all this is that the
AKSES program starts with avoiding that desensitization of 2- to 5-year
olds by recommending that parents and preschool teachers strictly avoid
teaching the old fashioned ABC...XYZ sequence or even the names of the
letters (at least until needed in prep for searching alphabetized lists.)
A much more entertaining and productive kind of play/instruction is to
teach them the phonemic symbols and their phonemic names. For example:
"This character [show a orA] is /a/, the first sound in /apul/" and the
phonemic character ch always called /ch/, never "cee, aich."
You
get the idea. If this is done and letter names are strictly avoided,
a parent can honestly promise children they would be able to start to read
as soon as they learned all their writing characters (a promise too often
wrongly implied for the alphabet and never kept.)
As you can see, very few children
would come to kindergarten without already knowing their /a//b'u//ch/s....
and half of them would likely already be reading. Only the neglected
or culturally underprivileged would need to be taught the phonemic symbols
and their names and that would be done in a matter of a few weeks on the
basis of individual needs. I do not believe that teachers would seriously
object to conducting 1st grade classes in which learning to blend the names
of phonemic symbols into words would be a review exercise for most of the
class and a rewarding new skill learned in a few weeks by the rest.
What are the letter names in Akses?
The letter names are the phonemes. Without
a good alphabet it is difficult to render these graphically. To get
the correct sound, check the key words for each phoneme. Ae as in
at, A as in ape, Aw as in awl, Ar as in art, Eh, Ee as in eel, Ae-oo as
in cow, Er as in herder, ....
Click on chart to enlarge. For a critique
of vowel mergeers and this chart go
to why 24 vowels
Where i.t.a. failed
by Jim K
You
really can't say that such a scenario would not occur in all our schools.
Something very much like that happened with i.t.a. in hundreds of US and
UK classrooms during the 70's and early 80's even though the children did
not have preschool training to avoid alphabetitus and the i.t.a. was not
really intended to be a permanent system for recording English. You
really must read the AKSES web pages to find
out why i.t.a. fell flat on its face and AKSES will not. [more]
The chart below is more or less the same but includes schwa. Schwa is
the most common sound in English speech. 30% of the A's and 30% of
the E's in tradtional English are pronounced as unstressed mid-lax vowels
[schwa]. Spanglish is based on the Saxon alphabet which means that every
letter is associated with one or two sounds. Combined vowel letters
are combinations of the sounds assigned to individual letters, however,
these can be a little ambiguous as in ow and au. The
long o is best represented as ew where e is schwa
and w is the short u. au is best represented as aew.
25 Saxon Spanglish
Vowels
|
shortchekt
|
long
free
|
combined
|
r-combined
|
a.
- ae
add
batter
|
aa
faather
|
ai
- 'y
ail
ais mait
|
aar
| air
caar
| ire
|
e.
- ea
bell
bread
|
er
herder
ern
|
ei
-ey
eis
grey they
|
eir-
ear
their
heir
|
i.
ill
fill itt
|
i
- ie .y
si
iel field
|
oi
- oy
oil
oyster
|
ir
irrigate
near
|
o.
otter
pott
|
o
-ao
cost
ol [awl]
|
ow-
o'
ew
slow
bowt
|
or
ore
pour roar
|
.w.
-
wu
hook
hwk
put
|
u
- uu
guru
zu
|
yu
-iu
yu yuz
|
ur-.wr
tour
poor
|
u.
upper
cutt
|
a
- e
ago
the
|
au
-
aew
kraut
owl
|
aur
our
power
|
.w. means a w
between two consonants = /u/ |
Saxon Spanglish is a little more
complicated than necessary because it is designed to transition to traditional
English.
parralellis a systematic
spelling, parallel is the traditional spelling. Traditional spelling
often lacks an underlying logic. The second A is a schwa so doubling should
be avoided.
There is
no real need to have two ways to represent a sound but Spanglish allows
two spellings per vowel sound compared to 20 in TO. This is more complicated
than the ideal notation but much simpler than the traditional writing system
which adds more options and uses the same spelling to reference different
sounds. SS allows bedd & bread but not beak for
biek. beckon the beacon = beckan the biecan.
Duringthe vowel
shift many
i words, but not all, became pronounced [ai]
[eye]
is /i:s/ came to be pronounced
ais
(ice).
Time /ti:m/ (team) became
taim
(time). |
Spelling Instruction - Teaching the Grapheme Phoneme
Correspondences
by Kate Gladstone
I agree with Jim that, in AKSES-using schools
(should such ever arise) - as
in any totally phonemic writing-system with
one-to-one "mapping" of letters
onto speech-sounds - "spelling instruction"
would consist of no more than teaching the use of the system. But
I fear that many teachers would not teach even that ... and/or would not
know what to do if phonemically-trained kids inadvertently "slipped" and
used a conventional spelling that doesn't appear within the phonemically-regular
writing-system
[Jim
K] That simply would never happen. A child might say or write
"slapt' when /slipt/ was meant. Teacher would simply correct the
speech "You meant /slipt/ didn't you?" Why would any child who says
/slipt/ and knows the phonemic symbol for each of the 5 phonemes make the
mistake of writing the word /SLIPped/? Your objections seem
to be based upon the TO blinkered concept that all childen are born with
TO reasoning, but I'm sure you don't believe that. We all had to
be subjected to years of brainwashing to reach that state. Remember,
with a phonemic writing system, children do not write memorized letter
strings. They write the phoneme string in their mind that would make
them speak the word in oral conversation.
In Spanish schools, no one ...
ever ask[s] "How do you spell __?"
I wonder whether this applies in cases (fairly
frequent in Spanish) where
one sound has more than one letter indicating
it: e.g.:
/y/ indicated
by "y" but also by "ll" -
/s/ indicated
by "s" but also by "c" "z" -
/b/ indicated
by "b" but also by "v" -
/kh/
indicated by "j" but also by "g" -
/a/ indicated
by "a" but also by "ha" -
/e/ indicated
by "e" but also by "he" -
/i/ indicated
by "i" but also by "hi" -
etc., etc., etc. K. Gladstone
[This is partially true. ll, elyay, and
n-tilde, enyay are separate
Spanish letters, of course and have different
sounds than y or n. The fact
is that Spanish is not completely phonemic,
but is so close to it that they
do not have spelling classes and, unless it
was invented in the last 25
years, no verb for "to spell" in the linguistic
sense. I do not understand
why you brought up this point since it sheds
no light on whether or not a
more completely phonemic English writing system
is difficult for teachers to
teach. JimK]
In Italian, no one ever asks...
But there are also non-phonemic spellings in
Italian
/tS/ = c, ch, ci [before
a, o, and u] ciao /tSaaou/ "chow" "bye"
arrivederci "ah ree-veh-DEHR-chee"
"good bye"
/k/ = ch [before e and i, e.g.,
<che> = "keh" /ke/ "what"]
/dZ/ = g [efore e and i, e.g. gita /dZi:ta:/
"JEE-tah" "trip" [g, gi, ge, ...]
/sk/ = sc, sch scusi "SKOO-see"
scherz0
"SKEHR-tsoh" prank
/S/ <sh> = sc before e and i - scendere
/Sendere/ SHEN-deh-reh "to get off"
pistachio p&staashio
Italian pistacchio
what is the significance of the double consonant?
Trouble with Spelling
A 40 character phonemic alphabet - Check out Unifon
Critique of MORE spelling of YOU for yu and SOM for summ.
Yes, but i woodnt kno how tu pronounse 'you', i'd pronounse 'som' the
rong
way, i woodnt kno how tu spel 'gain' (sinse the majority pattern is
'a+c+e',
i'd try it with 'gane'), leav, lowsey, i wood pronounse 'buteshon'
az
byoo-tesh-un, and i woodnt no how tu pronounse thirst (sinse the strongest
pattern is 'er'). |